The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

4500-S2− SULFIDE

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4500-S2− A. Introduction Bibliography
Pomeroy RD, Cruse H. Hydrogen sulfide odor threshold. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1969;61(12):677. Google Scholar
Karchmer JH,. ed. The Analytical chemistry of sulfur and its compounds. New York (NY): Wiley-Interscience, 1970. Google Scholar
Nickless G,. ed. Inorganic sulphur chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1970. Google Scholar
Design manual: Sulfide control in sanitary sewerage systems; EPA/625/1-74/005. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1974, revised 2007. Google Scholar
Bagarinao T. Sulfide as an environmental factor and toxicant: Tolerance and adaptations in aquatic organisms. Aquat Toxicol.1992; 24(1-2):21–62. Google Scholar
Butler IB, Schoonen MAA, Rickard DT. Removal of dissolved oxygen from water: a comparison of four common techniques. Talanta. 1994;41(2):211–215. Google Scholar
4500-S2− D. Methylene Blue Method Bibliography
Pomeroy RD. The determination of sulfides in sewage. Sewage Works J. 1936;8:572. Google Scholar
Nusbaum I. Determining sulfides in water and waste water. Water Sewage Works. 1965;112:113. Google Scholar
4500-S2− E. Gas Dialysis, Automated Methylene Blue Method Bibliography
Francom D, Goodwin LR, Dieken FP. Determination of low level sulfides in environmental waters by automated gas dialysis/methylene blue colorimetry. Anal Lett. 1989;22(11-12):2587–2600. Google Scholar
4500-S2− G. Ion-Selective Electrode Method References
1. Gran G. Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II. Analyst 1952;77:661–671. Google Scholar
2. Baumann EW. Determination of parts per billion sulfide in water with the sulfide-selective electrode. Anal Chem. 1974;46(9):1345–1347. Google Scholar
3. Ratzlaff KL. Optimizing precision in standard addition measurement. Anal Chem. 1979;51(2):232–235. Google Scholar
4500-S2− G. Ion-Selective Electrode Method Bibliography
Instruction manual for silver-sulfide electrode. Orion Research Inc.; 1980. Google Scholar
Vivit DV, Ball JW, Jenne EA. Specific-ion electrode determinations of sulfide preconcentrated from San Francisco Bay waters. Environ Geol Water Sci. 1984;6:79–90. Google Scholar
4500-S2− H. Calculation of Un-ionized Hydrogen Sulfide References
1. Sigel H, Zuberbuhler AD, Yamauchi O. Comments on potentiometric pH titrations and the relationship between pH-meter reading and hydrogen ion concentration. Anal Chim Acta. 1991; 255(1):63–72. Google Scholar
2. Millero FJ. The pH of estuarine waters. Limnol Oceanogr. 1986;31(4):839–847. Google Scholar
4500-S2− H. Calculation of Un-ionized Hydrogen Sulfide Bibliography
D’yachkova IB, Khodakovskiy IL. Thermodynamic equilibria in the systems S-H2O, Se-H2O and Te-H2O in the 25–300°C temperature range and their geochemical interpretations. Geochem Internat. 1968;1108. Google Scholar
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4500-S2− I. Distillation, Methylene Blue Flow Injection Analysis Method Reference
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Definition and procedure for the determination of method detection limits.Appendix B to 40 CFR 136 Rev. 1.11. 1984; amended June 30, 1986. 49 CFR 43430. Google Scholar
4500-S2− J. Acid-Volatile Sulfide Bibliography
Chanton JP, Martens CS. The effects of heat and stannous chloride addition on the active distillation of acid volatile sulfide from pyrite-rich marine sediment samples. Biogeochemistry. 1985;1:375–382. Google Scholar
Morse JW, Cornwell JC. Analysis and distribution of iron sulfide minerals in recent anoxic marine sediments. Mar Chem. 1987;22(1):55–69. Google Scholar
Hsieh YP, Yang CH. Diffusion methods for the determination of reduced inorganic sulfur species in sediments. Limnol Oceanogr. 1989;34(6):1126–1130. Google Scholar
Allen HE, Fu GM, Deng BL. Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem. 1993;12(8):1441–1453. Google Scholar
Lasorsa B, Casas A. A comparison of sample handling and analytical methods for determination of acid volatile sulfides in sediment. Mar Chem. 1996;52(3-4):211–220. Google Scholar
Leonard EN, Cotter AM, Ankley GT. Modified diffusion method for analysis of acid volatile sulfides and simultaneously extracted metals in freshwater sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem. 1996;15(9):1479–1481. Google Scholar

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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 4500-s2− sulfide In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.096

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