1. Swisher RD. Surfactant biodegradation, 2nd ed. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; 1987. Google Scholar

2. Goyer MM, Perwak JH, Sivak A, Thayer PS. Human safety and environmental aspects of major surfactants; Rep. No. PB-301193. Springfield (VA): National Technical Information Service; 1977. Google Scholar

3. Weber WJ Jr, Morris JC, Stumm W. Determination of alkylbenzenesulfonates by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Anal Chem. 1962;34(13):1844–1845. Google Scholar

1. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Environmental Directorate. Proposed method for the determination of the biodegradability of surfactants used in synthetic detergents. Paris; 1976. Google Scholar

2. Wickbold R. Enrichment and separation of surfactants from surface waters through transport in the gas/water interface. Tenside Deterg. 1971;8:61–63. Google Scholar

3. Wickbold R. Determination of nonionic surfactants in river- and wastewaters. Tenside Deterg. 1972;9:173–177. Google Scholar

4. Kunkel E, Peitscher G, Espeter K. New developments in trace- and microanalysis of surfactants. Tenside. 1977;14:199–202. Google Scholar

5. Divo C, Gafa S, La Noce T, Paris A, Ruffo C, Sanna M. Use of nitrogen blowing technique in microdetermination of anionic surfactants [in Italian]. Riv Ital Sost Grasse. 1980;57(7):329–332. Google Scholar

1. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation. Carbon adsorption-infrared method. In: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 15th ed. Washington DC: APHA Press; 1981. Google Scholar

2. Ogden CP, Webster HL, Halliday J. Determination of biologically soft and hard alkylbenzenesulfonates in detergents and sewage. Analyst. 1961;86(1018):22–29. Google Scholar

3. Osburn QW. Analytical methodology for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in waters and wastes. J Amer Oil Chem Soc. 1986;63(2):257–263. Google Scholar

4. Lishka RJ, Parker JH. Water Surfactant No. 3, Study No. 32; Pub. No. 999-UIH-11. Cincinnati (OH): U.S. Public Health Service; 1968. Google Scholar

Barr T, Oliver J, Stubbings WV. The determination of surface-active agents in solution. J Soc Chem Ind (London). 1948;67(2):45–48. Google Scholar

Epton SR. A new method for the rapid titrimetric analysis of sodium alkyl sulfates and related compounds. Trans Faraday Soc. 1948;44:226–230. Google Scholar

Evans HC. Determination of anionic synthetic detergents in sewage. J Soc Chem Ind (London). 1950;69(suppl 2):576–580. Google Scholar

Degens PN Jr, Evans HC, Kommer JD, Winsor PA. Determination of sulfate and sulfonate anion-active detergents in sewage. J Appl Chem. 1953;3(2):54–61. Google Scholar

American Water Works Association. Task group report. Characteristics and effects of synthetic detergents. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1954;46:751. Google Scholar

Edwards GP, Ginn ME. Determination of synthetic detergents in sewage. Sewage Ind Wastes. 1954;26(8):945–953. Google Scholar

Longwell J, Maniece WD. Determination of anionic detergents in sewage, sewage effluents, and river waters. Analyst. 1055;80:167–171. Google Scholar

Moore WA, Kolbeson RA. Determination of anionic detergents in surface waters and sewage with methyl green. Anal Chem. 1956;28(2):161–164. Google Scholar

Rosen AA, Middleton FM, Taylor NW. Identification of anionic synthetic detergents in foams and surface waters. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1956;48(10):1321–1330. Google Scholar

Sallee EM, et al. Determination of trace amounts of alkyl benzenesulfonates in water. Anal Chem. 1956;28(12):1822–1926. Google Scholar

American Water Works Association. Task group report. Determination of synthetic detergent content of raw-water supplies. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1958;50(10):1343–1352. Google Scholar

Abbott DC. The colorimetric determination of anionic surface-active materials in water. Analyst. 1962;87:286–293. Google Scholar

McGuire OE, Kent F, Miller LL, Papenmeier GJ. Field test for analysis of anionic detergents in well waters. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1962;54(6):665–670. Google Scholar

Abbott DC. A rapid test for anionic detergents in drinking water. Analyst. 1963;88:240–242. Google Scholar

Reid VW, Longman GF, Heinerth E. Determination of anionic-active detergents by two-phase titration. Tenside Deterg. 1967;4:292–304. Google Scholar

Wang LK, Panzardi PJ, Shuster WW, Aulenbach DB. Direct two-phase titration method for analyzing anionic nonsoap surfactants in fresh and saline waters. J Environ Health. 1975;38(3):159–163. Google Scholar

1. Boyer SL, Guin KF, Kelley RM, Mausner ML, Robinson HF, Schmitt TM, Stahl CR, Stezkom EA. Analytical methods for nonionic surfactants in laboratory biodegradation and environmental studies. Environ Sci Technol. 1977;11(13):1167–1171. Google Scholar

2. Crabb NT, Persinger HE. The determination of polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants in water at the parts per million level. J Amer Oil Chem Soc. 1964;41(11):752–755. Google Scholar

3. Crabb NT, Persinger HE. A determination of the apparent molar absorption coefficients of the cobalt thiocyanate complexes of nonylphenol ethylene oxide adducts. J Amer Oil Chem Soc. 1968;45: 611–615. Google Scholar

4. Greff RA, Setzkorn EA, Leslie WD. A colorimetric method for the determination of parts per million of nonionic surfactants. J Amer Oil Chem Soc. 1965;42:180–185. Google Scholar

Tabak HH, Bunch RL. Mreasurement of non-ionic surfactants in aqueous environments. Proceedings of the 36th Industrial Waste Conference. Lafayette (IN): Purdue University; 1981, p. 888. Google Scholar