The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

9230 FECAL ENTEROCOCCI

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9230 A. Introduction References
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9230 B. Multiple-Tube Technique References
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9230 C. Membrane Filter Techniques References
1. Levin MA, Fischer JR, Cabelli VJ. Membrane filter technique for enumeration of enterococci in marine waters. Appl Microbiol. 1975;30(1):66–71. Google Scholar
2. Method 1106.1: Enterococci in water by membrane filtration using membrane-Enterococcus-esculin iron agar (mE-EIA); EPA 821-R-06-008. Washington DC: Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency; 2006. Google Scholar
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7. Ferguson DM, Moore DF, Getrich MA, Zhowandai MH. Enumeration and speciation of enterococci found in marine and intertidal sediments and coastal water in southern California. J Appl Microbiol. 2005;99(3):589–608. Google Scholar
8. Moore DF, Zhowandai MH, Ferguson DM, McGee C, Mott JB, Stewart JC. Comparison of 16S rRNA sequencing with conventional and commercial phenotypic techniques for identification of enterococci from the marine environment. J Appl Microbiol. 2006;100(6):1272–1281. Google Scholar
9. Winter CE, Sandholzer LA. Studies of the fecal streptococci Part I: The isolation of enterococci from natural sources. Washington DC: United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; 1946. (Fishery Leaflet 201) https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/studies-fecal-streptococci Google Scholar
9230 D. Fluorogenic Substrate Enterococcus Test References
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9230 E. Quantitative PCR for Enterococci References
1. Method 1609.1: Enterococci in water by TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with internal amplification control (IAC) assay; 820-R-15-099. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2015. Google Scholar
2. Bustin SA, Benes V, Garson JA, Hellemans J, Huggett J, Kubista M, Mueller R, Nolan T, Pfaffl MW, Shipley GL, Vandesompele J, Wittwer CT. The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clinical Chemistry, 2009. 55(4):611–622. Google Scholar
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6. Method 1609.1 and Method 1611.1 Calculation spreadsheet. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2015. Google Scholar
7. Method 1696: Characterization of human fecal pollution in water by HF183/BacR287 TaqMan® quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay; 821-R-19-002. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019. Google Scholar

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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 9230 fecal enterococci In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.197

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