The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

4500-Cl CHLORINE (RESIDUAL)

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4500-Cl A. Introduction Reference
1. Cooper WJ, Roscher NM, Slifker RA. Determining free available chlorine by DPD-colorimetric, DPD-steadifac (colorimetric) and FACTS procedures. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1982;74(7):362–368. Google Scholar
4500-Cl A. Introduction Bibliography
Marks HC, Williams DB, Glasgow GU. Determination of residual chlorine compounds. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1951;43(3): 201–207. Google Scholar
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Guter WJ, Cooper WJ, Sorber CA. Evaluation of existing field test kits for determining free chlorine residuals in aqueous solutions. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1974;66(1):38–43. Google Scholar
4500-Cl B. Iodometric Method I References
1. Lishka RJ, Mcfarren EF, Parker JH. Water chlorine (residual) No. 1: Report Number 35: Report of a study conducted by Analytical Reference Service. Cincinnati (OH): U.S. Public Health Service, Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service, Environmental Control Administration; 1969. Google Scholar
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4500-Cl B. Iodometric Method I Bibliography
Lea C. Chemical control of sewage chlorination. The use and value of orthotolidine test. J Soc Chem Ind. (London) 1933:52:245T. Google Scholar
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Marks HC, Chamberlin NS. Determination of residual chlorine in metal finishing wastes. Anal Chem. 1953;24(12):1885–1887. Google Scholar
4500-Cl C. Iodometric Method II Bibliography
See 4500-Cl B.7. Google Scholar
4500-Cl D. Amperometric Titration Method Bibliography
Foulk CW, Bawden AT. A new type of endpoint in electrometric titration and its application to iodimetry. J Amer Chem Soc. 1926;48:2045–2051. Google Scholar
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Morrow JJ. Residual chlorine determination with dual polarizable electrodes. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1966;58(3):363–367. Google Scholar
4500-Cl E. Low-Level Amperometric Titration Method Bibliography
Brooks AS, Seegert GL. Low-level chlorine analysis by amperometric titration. J Water Pollut Control Fed. 1979;51(11):2636–2640. Google Scholar
4500-Cl F. DPD Ferrous Titrimetric Method Bibliography
Palin AT. The determination of free and combined chlorine in water by the use of diethyl-p-phenylene diamine. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1957;49(7):873–880. Google Scholar
Palin AT. Current DPD methods for disinfectant residual measurement. J Inst Water Eng. 1986;40:501–510. Google Scholar
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Palin AT. Methods for determination, in water, of free and combined available chlorine, chlorine dioxide and chlorite, bromine, iodine, and ozone using diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). J Inst Water Eng. 1967;21:537–547. Google Scholar
Palin AT. Determination of nitrogen trichloride in water. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1968;60(7):847–851. Google Scholar
Palin AT. Current DPD methods for residual halogen compounds and ozone in water. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1975;67(1):32–33. Google Scholar
Great Britain Standing Committee of Analysts. Chemical disinfecting agents in water and effluents, and chlorine demand. In: Methods for the examination of water and associated materials. London (UK): Her Majesty’s Stationary Office; 1980. Google Scholar
4500-Cl G. DPD Colorimetric Method Bibliography
See 4500-Cl F.6. Google Scholar
4500-Cl H. Syringaldazine (FACTS) Method Bibliography
Bauer R, Rupe CO. Use of syringaldazine in a photometric method for estimating “free” chlorine in water. Anal Chem. 1971;43(3):421–425. Google Scholar
Cooper WJ, Sorber CA, Meier EP. A rapid specific free available chlorine test with syringaldazine (FACTS). J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1975;67(1):34–39. Google Scholar
Cooper WJ, Gibbs PH, Ott EM, Patel P. Equivalency testing of procedures for measuring free available chlorine: amperometric titration, DPD, and FACTS. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1983;75(12): 625–629. Google Scholar
4500-Cl I. Iodometric Electrode Technique Bibliography
Jenkins RL, Baird RB. Determination of total chlorine residual in treated wastewaters by electrode. Anal Letters. 1979;12:125–141. Google Scholar
Dimmock NA, Midgley D. Determination of total residual chlorine in cooling water with the Orion 97-70 ion selective electrode; Report RD/L/2159N81. United Kingdom: Central Electricity Generating Board, 1981. Google Scholar
Synnot JC, Smith AM. Total residual chlorine by ion-selective electrode—from bench top to continuous monitor. In: Pawlowski L, Alaerts G, Lacy WJ, eds. Chemistry for protection of the environment. Elsevier; 1986, p. 777–791. (Studies in Environmental Science, Vol. 29). Google Scholar

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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 4500-cl chlorine (residual) In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.078

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