The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

4500-P PHOSPHORUS

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4500-P A. Introduction References
1. Booth RL. Request for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) limited approval for non-preservation of total phosphorus samples (alternate test procedure approval letter). Cincinnati (OH): Office of Research and Development, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: February 14, 1985. Google Scholar
4500-P A. Introduction Bibliography
Normal AG. Methods of soil analysis, part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Madison (WI): American Society of Agronomy, 1965. (Agronomy Monographs) Google Scholar
Fitzgerald GP, Faust SL. Effect of water sample preservation methods on the release of phosphorus from algae. Limnol Oceanogr. 1967;12(2):332–334. Google Scholar
Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Evaluation of alkaline persulfate digestion as an alternative to Kjeldahl digestion for determination of total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in water. Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4174. Denver (CO): U.S. Geological Survey; 2003. Google Scholar
4500-P B. Sample Preparation Bibliography
Lee GF, Clesceri NL, Fitzgerald GP. Studies on the analysis of phosphates in algal cultures. Air Water Pollut. 1965;9(11):715–722. Google Scholar
Gales ME Jr, Julian EC, Kroner RC. Method for quantitative determination of total phosphorus in water. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1966;58(10):1363–1368. Google Scholar
Shannon JE, Lee GF. Hydrolysis of condensed phosphates in natural waters. Air Water Pollut. 1966;10(10):735–756. Google Scholar
4500-P C. Vanadomolybdophosphoric Acid Colorimetric Method Bibliography
Kitson RE, Mellon MG. Colorimetric determination of phosphorus as molybdivanadophosphoric acid. Ind Eng Chem Anal Ed. 1944;16(6):379–383. Google Scholar
Boltz DF, Mellon MG. Determination of phosphorus, germanium, silicon, and arsenic by the heteropoly blue method. Anal Chem. 1947;19(11):873–877. Google Scholar
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American Water Works Associates. AASGP Committee report. Determination of orthophosphate, hydrolyzable phosphate, and total phosphate in surface waters. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1958;50(12):1563–1574. Google Scholar
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Jackson ML. Soil chemical analysis. Englewood Cliffs, (NJ): Prentice-Hall; 1958. Google Scholar
Abbot DC, Emsden GE, Harris JR. A method for determining orthophosphate in water. Analyst. 1963;88(1051):814. Google Scholar
4500-P E. Ascorbic Acid Method References
1. Edwards GP, Molof AH, Schneeman RW. Determination of orthophosphate in fresh and saline waters. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1965;57(7):917–925. Google Scholar
2. Murphy J, Riley JP. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta. 1962;27:31–36. Google Scholar
4500-P E. Ascorbic Acid Method Bibliography
Sletten O, Bach CM. Modified stannous chloride reagent for orthophosphate determination. J Amer Water Works Assoc. 1961;53(8):1031–1033. Google Scholar
Strickland JDH, Parsons TR. A Manual of sea water analysis, 2nd ed. Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canada; 1972. Google Scholar
4500-P F. Automated Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method Bibliography
Henriksen A. An automatic method for determining orthophosphate in sewage and highly polluted waters. Analyst. 1966;91(1087):652–653. Google Scholar
O’Dell J, ed. Method 365.1, Revision 2.0: Determination of phosphorus by semi-automated colorimetry. Cincinnati (OH): Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research aand Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1993. Google Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes; EPA-600/4-79-020. Cincinnati (OH): National Environmental Research Center; 1979. Google Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. MDQARL Method Study 4, Automated Methods. Cincinnati (OH): National Environmental Research Center. Google Scholar
4500-P G. Flow Injection Analysis for Orthophosphate References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Definition and procedure for the determination of method detection limits. Appendix B to 40 CFR 136; 1984. Rev. 1.11 amended June 30, 1986. 49 CFR 43430. Google Scholar
4500-P H. Manual Digestion and Flow Injection Analysis for Total Phosphorus Reference
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Definition and procedure for the determination of method detection limits.Appendix B to 40 CFR 136; 1984. Rev. 1.11 amended June 30, 1986. 49 CFR 43430. Google Scholar
4500-P I. In-line UV/Persulfate Digestion and Flow Injection Analysis for Total Phosphorus Reference
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Definition and procedure for the determination of method detection limits.Appendix B to 40 CFR 136; 1984. Rev. 1.11 amended June 30, 1986. 49 CFR 43430. Google Scholar
4500-P J. Persulfate Method for Simultaneous Determination of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Bibliography
Koroleff F. Determination of total nitrogen in natural waters by means of persulfate oxidation. In: S.R. Carlberg, ed. New Baltic Montreal; ICES Cooperative Res. Rep, Ser. A; 1972, No. 29, p. 73. Google Scholar
Koroleff F. Simultaneous persulphate oxidation of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds in water. In: Grasshoff K, Report of the Baltic Intercalibration Workshop. Annex. Interim Commission for the Protection of the Environment of the Baltic Sea; 1977, p. 52. Google Scholar
Nydahl F. On the peroxodisulphate oxidation of total nitrogen in waters to nitrate. Water Res. 1978;12(12):1123–1130. Google Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 365.1 in Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes; EPA 600/4-79/020. Cincinnati, OH): Office of Research and Development; 1979. Google Scholar
Valderrama JC. The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters. Marine Chemistry 1981;10(2):109–122. Google Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook of methods for acid deposition studies: Laboratory analyses for surface water chemistry; EPA 600/4-87/026. Washington DC: Acid Deposition and Atmospheric Research Division; 1987, p. 1811. Google Scholar
Ameel JJ, Axler RP, Owen CJ. Persulfate digestion for determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in low nutrient waters. Center for Water and the Environmental, Natural Resources Research Institute. Amer Environ Lab. Oct 1993:2. Google Scholar

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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 4500-p phosphorus In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.093

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