The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

8220 AQUATIC EMERGENT PLANTS

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8220 A. Introduction References
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8220 A. Introduction Bibliography
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8220 B. Selecting and Prepaparing Test Organisms References
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5. Mayer AM, Poljakoff-Myber P. The germination of seeds, 3rd ed. Oxford (UK): Pergamon Press; 1982. Google Scholar
8220 C. Toxicity Test Procedure References
1. Gorsuch JW, Kringle RO, Robillard KA. Chemical effects on the germination and early growth of terrestrial plants; ASTM STP 1091. Philadelphia (PA): ASTM International; 1990. Google Scholar
2. Wang W, Williams J. The use of phytotoxicity tests (common duckweed, cabbage, and millet) for determining effluent toxicity. Environ Monit Assess. 1990;14(1):45–58. Google Scholar
3. Wang W. Comparative rice seed toxicity tests using filter paper, Growth Pouch-TM, and seed tray methods. Environ Monit Assess. 1993;24(3):257–265. Google Scholar
4. U.S Environmental Protection Agency. Toxic substances control act test guidelines: Environmental effects testing guidelines. 1985. CFR 40. Part 797; Fed. Reg. 50(188):39389. Google Scholar
5. Ratsch HC, Johndro D. Comparative toxicity of six test chemicals to lettuce using two root elongation test methods. Environ Monit Assess. 1986;6(3):267–276. Google Scholar
6. Walsh GE, Weber DE, Simon TL, Brashers LK. Toxicity tests of effluents with marsh plants in water and sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem. 1991;10(4):517–525. Google Scholar
8220 C. Toxicity Test Procedure Bibliography
Xuan TD, Chung III M, Khanh TD, Tawata S. Identification of phototoxic substances from early growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloe crusgalli) root exudates. J Chem Ecol. 2006;32(4):895. Google Scholar
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Canas JE, Long M, Nations S, Vadan R, Dai L, Luo M, Ambikapathi R, Lee EH, Olszyk D. Effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of selected crop species. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008;27(9):1922–1931. Google Scholar
American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard guide for conducting renewal phytotoxicity tests with freshwater emergent macrophytes; E1841-04. In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.06. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International; 2009. Google Scholar

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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 8220 aquatic emergent plants In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.163

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