The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

8930 AMPHIBIANS (PROPOSED)

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8930 A. Introduction References
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8930 B. Culture and Maintenance of Test Organisms References
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4. Fort DJ, Rogers RL, Thomas JH, Buzzard BO, Noll AM, Spaulding CD. Comparative sensitivity of Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis as test species for the FETAX model. J Appl Toxicol. 2004;24(6):443–457. Google Scholar
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16. Nieuwkoop PD, Faber J. Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). New York (NY): Garland Publishing; 1994. Google Scholar
17. Bantle JA, Dumont JN, Finch RA, Linder G. Atlas of abnormalities: a guide for the performance of FETAX. Stillwater (OK): Oklahoma State Publications Department; 1991. Google Scholar
18. Chen TH, Gross JA, Karasov WH. Sublethal effects of lead on Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006;25(5):1383–1389. Google Scholar
19. Chen TH, Gross JA, Karasov WH. Adverse effects of chronic copper exposure in larval Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007;26(7):1470–1475. Google Scholar
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8930 C. Toxicity Test Procedures References
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2. Fort DJ, Rogers RL. Chapter 3: Enhanced frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus model using Xenopus tropicalis. In: Ostrander GK, ed. Techniques in aquatic toxicology, Vol. 2, Section 1: techniques for assessment of toxicity in whole organisms. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2005. Google Scholar
3. Song MO, Fort DJ, McLaughlin DL, Rogers RL, Thomas JH, Buzzard BO, Noll AM, Myers NK. Evaluation of Xenopus tropicalis as an alternative test organism for frog embryo teratogenesis assay–Xenopus (FETAX). Drug Chem Toxicol. 2003;26(3):177–189. Google Scholar
4. Fort DJ, Rogers RL, Thomas JH, Buzzard BO, Noll AM, Spaulding CD. Comparative sensitivity of Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis as test species for the FETAX model. J Appl Toxicol. 2004;24(6):443–457. Google Scholar
5. Fort DJ, Stover EL. Significance of experimental design in evaluating ecological hazards of sediments/soils to amphibian species. In: Dwyer FJ, Doane TR, Hinman ML, eds. Environmental toxicology and risk assessment: modeling and risk assessment, Vol. 6 (ASTM STP 1317). Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing and Materials; 1997. Google Scholar
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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 8930 amphibians (proposed) In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.177

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