The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
1. Dutka BJ. Coliforms are an inadequate index of water quality. J Environ Health. 1973;36(1):3946. Google Scholar
2. Caldwell GG, Lindsey NJ, Wulff H, Donnelly DD, Bohl FN. Epidemic of adenovirus type 7 acute conjunctivitis in swimmers. Am J Epidemiol. 1974;99(3):230234. Google Scholar
3. Faine S. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press Inc.; 1993. Google Scholar
Cabelli VJ. Indicators of recreational water quality. In: Hoadley A, Dutka B, eds. Bacterial indicators/Health hazards associated with waters. Philadelphia (PA): ASTM International; 1977, p. 222238. Google Scholar
Dufour AP. Diseases caused by water contact. In: Craun G, ed. Waterborne diseases in the United States. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press Inc; 1986. Google Scholar
Moe CL. Waterborne transmission of infectious agents. In: Manual of environmental microbiology. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 1996. Google Scholar
American Water Works Association. Waterborne pathogens. AWWA Manual M48, Denver (CO): American Water Works Assoc.; 2006. Google Scholar
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Model Aquatic Health Code: Code Language. 3rd Edition. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services; 2018. Google Scholar
2. Craun GF, Calderon RL, Craun MF. Outbreaks associated with recreational water in the United States. Int J Environ Health Res. 2005;15(4):243262. Google Scholar
3. American Public Health Association. 1981. Public Swimming Pools: Recommended Regulations for Design and Construction, Operation and Maintenance. Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
4. Seyfried PL, Tobin RS, Brown NE, Ness PF. A prospective study of swimming-related illness. II. Morbidity and the microbiological quality of water. Amer J Pub Health. 1985;75(9):10711075. Google Scholar
5. Klapes NA, Vesley D. Rapid assay for in situ identification of coagulase- positive staphylococci recovered by membrane filtration from swimming pool water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986;52(3):589590. Google Scholar
6. Covert TC, Scarpino PV. Comparison of Baird-Parker agar, Vogel-Johnson agar, and M-Staphylococcus broth for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in swimming pool waters. Abstract from Annual Meeting American Society of Microbiology, Atlanta (GA). Washington DC: American Society of Microbiology; 1987. Google Scholar
7. Charoenca N, Fujioka RS. Association of staphylococcal skin infections and swimming. Water Sci Technol. 1995;31(5-6):1117. Google Scholar
8. Baird-Parker AC. An improved diagnostic and selective medium for isolating coagulase positive staphylococci. J Appl Bacteriol. 1962;25:1219. Google Scholar
9. Abid N, Maalej S, Rouis S. Morphological and physiological changes of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to hypochlorous acid. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2004;38(3):245250. Google Scholar
Working Party of the Public Health Laboratory Service. 1965. A bacteriological survey of swimming baths in primary schools. Mon Bull Minist Health Pub Health Lab Serv. 24:116–122. Google Scholar
Gunn BA, Dunkelberg WE Jr, Creitz JR. Clinical evaluation of 2% LSM medium for primary isolation and identification of staphylococci. Amer J Clin Pathol. 1972;57(2):236240. Google Scholar
Hatcher RF, Parker BC. Investigations of freshwater surface microlayers. VPI-SRRC-BULL 64. Blacksburg (VA): Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 1974. Google Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Test Methods for Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Water by the Membrane Filter Procedure; EPA-600/4-85/076; 1985 Google Scholar
Hurst CJ. Disinfection of drinking water, swimming-pool-water and treated sewage effluent. In: Block SS. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation, 5th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. Google Scholar
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suggested health and safety guidelines for public spas and hot tubs; DHHS-CDC #99-960. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981. Google Scholar
2. Solomon SL. Host factors in whirlpool-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin disease. Infect Control. 1985;6(10):402406. Google Scholar
3. Highsmith AK, Le PN, Khabbaz RF, Munn VP. Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from whirlpools and bathers. Infect Control. 1985;6(10):407412. Google Scholar
4. Groothuis DG, Havelaar AH, Veenendaal HR. A note on legionellas in whirlpools. J Appl Bacteriol. 1985;58(5):479481. Google Scholar
5. Highsmith AK, Favero MS. Microbiologic aspects of public whirlpools. Clin Microbiol Newsletter. 1985;7(2):911. Google Scholar
6. Hall N. Whirlpools and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. UHL Lab Hotline 1984;21:9. Google Scholar
Geldreich EE, Highsmith AK, Martone WJ. Public whirlpools—the epidemiology and microbiology of disease. Infect Control. 1985;6(10):392393. Google Scholar
1. Cabelli VJ. Health effects criteria for marine recreational waters; EPA-600/1-80-031. Research Triangle Park (NC): Health Effects Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1983. Google Scholar
2. Dufour AP. Health effects criteria for fresh recreational waters; EPA-600/1-84-004. Research Triangle Park (NC): Health Effects Research Laborotory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984. Google Scholar
3. Keswick BH, Gerba CP, Goyal SM. Occurrence of enteroviruses in community swimming pools. Amer J Pub Health. 1981;71(9):10261030. Google Scholar
4. Dutka BJ, Kwan KK. Health-indicator bacteria in water-surface microlayers. Can J Microbiol. 1978;24(2):187188. Google Scholar
5. Cabelli VJ, Kennedy H, Levin MA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-fecal coliform relationships in estuarine and fresh recreational waters. J Water Pollut Control Fed. 1976;48(2):367376. Google Scholar
6. Sherry JP, Kuchma SR, Dutka BJ. The occurrence of Candida albicans in Lake Ontario bathing beaches. Can J Microbiol. 1979;25(9):10361044. Google Scholar
7. Stevens AR, Tyndall RL, Coutant CC, Willaert E. Isolation of the etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis from artificially heated waters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977;34(6):701705. Google Scholar
8. Wellings FM, Amuso PT, Chang SL, Lewis AL. Isolation and identification of pathogenic Naegleria from Florida lakes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977;34(6):661667. Google Scholar
9. N’Diaye A, Georges P, N’Go A, Festy B. Soil amoebas as biological markers to estimate the quality of swimming pool waters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985;49(5):10721075. Google Scholar
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality criteria for bacteria—1986; EPA-440/5-84-002. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1986. Google Scholar
11. Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by membrane filtration using modified membrane-thermotolerant E. coli agar (modified mTEC). Washington DC: Office of Water, Environmental Protection Agency; 2014. Google Scholar
12. Charoenca N, Fujioka R. Assessment of Staphylococcus bacteria in Hawaii’s marine recreational waters. Water Sci Technol. 1993;27 (3–4):283289. Google Scholar
Olivieri VP, Druse CW, Kawata K. Microorganisms in urban stormwater; EPA-600/2-77-087. Cincinnati (OH): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1977. Google Scholar
Rice EW, Covert TC, Wild DK, Berman D, Johnson SA, Johnson CH. Comparative resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococci to chlorination. J Environ Health. 1993;28(1):8997. Google Scholar
Drake CH. Evaluation of culture media for the isolation and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Health Lab Sci. 1966;3(1):1019. Google Scholar
Brown MRW, Foster JHS. A simple diagnostic milk medium for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Clin Pathol. 1970;23:172177. Google Scholar
Levin MA, Cabelli VJ. Membrane filter technique for enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol.1972; 24(6):864870. Google Scholar
Dutka BJ, Kwan KK. Confirmation of the single-step membrane filter procedure for estimating Pseudomonas aeruginosa densities in water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977;33(2):240245. Google Scholar
Brodsky MH, Ciebin BW. Improved medium for recovery and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from water using membrane filters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978;36(1):2642. Google Scholar
1. Association Française de Normalisation. AFNOR certification validation of the method Pseudalert/Quanti-Tray for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human consumption waters and pool waters. NF Validation Report; April 2020. https://nf-validation.afnor.org//en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/08/Synt-IDX-33-05-03-16_en.pdf Google Scholar
2. Sartory DP, Pauly D, Garrec N, Bonadonna L, Semproni M, Schell C, Reimann A, Firth SJ, Thom C, Hartemann P, et al. Evaluation of an MPN test for the rapid enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital waters. J Water Health. 2015;13(12):427436. Google Scholar
3. Standing Committee of Analysts. The Microbiology of Drinking Water – Part 8 - Methods for the isolation and enumeration of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Methods for the examination of waters and associated materials [published 2015; accessed 03 December 2021]. http://standingcommitteeofanalysts.co.uk/micro/methods.html Google Scholar
4. Spies K, Pleischl S, Sartory D. Comparison of the Pseudalert/Quanti- Tray MPN test for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cooling tower water with the ISO 16266 membrane filtration culture- based method. J Appl Microbiol. 2020;128(6):18431850. Google Scholar
5. Sartory DP, Brewer M, Beswick A, Steggles D. Evaluation of the Pseudalert/Quanti-Tray MPN Test for the rapid enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in swimming pool and spa pool waters. Curr Microbiol. 2015;71(6):699705. Google Scholar
6. IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. 2011. An ISO/TR 13843 Method Performance Validation for the Pseudalert*/Quanti-Tray* System for the Quantitative Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. IDEXX Report 100465-00; May. Google Scholar
7. ISO 16266-2:2018;Water quality—Detection and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa—Part 2: Most probable number method. ISO/TR 13843 Method performance validation; 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization, 2018. Google Scholar

Related

No related items

CITATION

Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 9213 recreational waters In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.187

SHARE

FROM THE DISCUSSION FORUM: