This version is an update to the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and was posted online April 18, 2025.

8921 FATHEAD MINNOW

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8921 A. Introduction References
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8921 A. Introduction Bibliography
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8921 B. Culture and Maintenance of Test Organisms References
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8921 C. Toxicity Test Procedures References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms. 5th ed. (EPA-821-R-02-012). Washington (DC): Office of Water; 2002. Google Scholar
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24. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Standard evaluation procedure: fish life-cycle tests (EPA-540/9-86-137). Washington (DC): Office of Pesticide Programs, Hazard Evaluation Division; 1986. Google Scholar
25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. User’s guide for conducting life-cycle chronic toxicity tests with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) (EPA-600/8-81-011). Duluth (MN): Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1982. Google Scholar
26. Mount DI. Chronic toxicity of copper to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Rafinesque). Water Res. 1968;2(3):215–223. Google Scholar
27. Manner HW, Dewese CM. Early embryology of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. Anat Rec. 1974;180(1):99–109. Google Scholar
8921 C. Toxicity Test Procedures Bibliography
Cooney JE. Freshwater tests. In: Rand GM, ed. Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: effects, environmental fate, and risk assessment. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): Taylor & Francis; 1995. Google Scholar
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Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 8921 fathead minnow In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.176

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